Past Cases

Devan-Song v. Oregon State University
Anne Devan-Song, a PhD candidate at Oregon State University (OSU), faced sexual and gender-based harassment at the hands of fellow graduate student. OSU not only failed to address and resolve the complaints, but also discharged Devan-Song from her lab despite her excellent academic standing then suspended her for speaking out about her experience.

Robb v. Lock Haven 
The eight student athletes allege that Lock Haven University in Pennsylvania failed to comply with Title IX mandates on participation by gender. These students further claim they have experienced roster manipulation, a method some schools use to appear Title IX compliant when in fact they are in violation of the law.

Spencer v. Virginia State University: A Case on Gender Equity in Academia
As the Gender Equity Task Force chair at Virginia State University (VSU), Zoe Spencer, Ph.D., was charged with identifying deficits in gender equity, but when she did she was met with resistance.

Doe v. Lasch, Cooper, Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California: A Sexual Harassment Case
The plaintiff in Doe v. Lasch, Cooper, Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, alleges that she experienced sexual harassment by her employer and was terminated after she reported the behavior.

Kurz et al. v. Trustees of Indiana University et al.
Kurz et al. v. Trustees of Indiana University et al. brings attention not only to the sexual harassment of students by university staff, but also to the serious retaliation those students may face if they speak out.

Burhans V. Yale: A New Wave in Title IX Cases
Burhans v. Yale highlights the necessity of protecting administrators who are willing to address the problem of sexual assault on their campuses from professional retaliation. AAUW is proud to support the case through our Legal Advocacy Fund.

Baldwin et al. v. Department of Defense: Removing Offenders from Military Sexual Assault Cases
In the last few years the severity of the sexual assault epidemic in the U.S. military has entered the public consciousness. However, despite AAUW’s ongoing work, many survivors still struggle to find justice. The courageous survivors in Baldwin et al. v. Department of Defense were advancing the crucial fight against military sexual assault.

Faculty Punished for Reporting Title IX Violations and Sexual Harassment: Feather River Community College Cases
Laurel Wartluft sued the college for sex discrimination and retaliation for complaining of sex discrimination in violation of the California Fair Housing and Employment Act, and failure to pay agreed compensation in violation of California Labor Codes.

Moshak v. University of Tennessee: Discrimination Too Common in College Athletics
Women’s sports have come a long way since Title IX, but a lawsuit from former Tennessee Volunteers staff shows that we are still grappling with gender gaps in university athletics. AAUW is proud to support the case through our Legal Advocacy Fund.

Sun v. University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth
Lulu Sun, an English professor, has alleged sex and race discrimination in the promotion process at the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth.

Hoffman et al. v. Panetta et al
This is a military sexual assault case filed by 19 plaintiffs in the Army and Air force who were sexually assaulted or raped while on active duty by other service members.

Wal-Mart Stores Inc. v. Dukes
In 2001, female employees at Wal-Mart filed a class action sex discrimination lawsuit against Wal-Mart Stores in the U. S. District Court for the Northern District of California.

Klay et al v. Panetta et al
Ariana Klay is one of eight plaintiffs suing the U.S. military for allegedly creating a culture in which sexual assault and rape are tolerated and in which people who report it face retaliation.

Cioca et al. v. Rumsfeld et al.
Sixteen veteran and active duty servicemen and servicewomen who, while serving in the US Military, have been raped, sexually assaulted, and harassed by active duty members of the military filed a lawsuit against the Department of Defense.

LeBlanc v. Trustees of Indiana University
Virginia LeBlanc, former director of the Hudson and Holland Scholars Program at Indiana University, filed a federal complaint against the university alleging gender and pay discrimination.

Foltz et al. v Delaware State University
The lawsuit was filed by 15 members of the Delaware State University (DSU) women’s equestrian team to challenge the university’s decision to eliminate the team and replace it with competitive cheerleading.

Bull v. Board of Trustees of Ball State University
Kathy Bull was the head coach for the women’s tennis team at Ball State University in Indiana for 21 years. There she advocated for Title IX issues and mentored young female coaches.

Parker v. IN High School Athletic Assoc.
The primary issue in the case centers on whether or not the discriminatory scheduling of girls’ basketball games on non-prime time days violates Title IX of the Educational Amendment of 1972.

Riccardi v. Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Patrizia Riccardi sued the university for sexual harassment and retaliation for complaining of sexual harassment in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Tennessee Human Rights Act.

Potera-Haskins v. Gamble, Montana State University, et al.
Robin Potera-Haskins sued the university for sex discrimination and retaliation for complaining about sex discrimination.

Nash v. Ray L. Belton and the Southern University System
Beverly Ann Nash has sued the university for retaliation in violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, among other claims.

Towers v. State University of New York at Stony Brook
Dr. Sherry Towers began her employment as a postdoctoral employee with the Stony Brook physics department in September 2000.

deMartin v. New Mexico Highlands University
Lyn deMartin sued the university for sex discrimination in pay, race discrimination and retaliation for complaining of sex discrimination in wrongful termination in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the New Mexico Human Rights Act, sec 28-1-10.

Batya Weinbaum v. Cleveland State University
Batya Weinbaum sued the university for sex discrimination in her treatment and the decision to terminate her in violation of Ohio state laws.

Pitblado v. Trustees of the State Colleges in Colorado, Western State College
Bonnie Pitblado, former assistant professor of anthropology at Western State College (WSC) in Colorado, sued the institution for retaliation in violation of Title VII.

McMahon v. Carroll College
Charlene McMahon sued the institution for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure, and retaliation for complaining about the discrimination, under Title VII and Title IX.

Messmer v. Lehigh University
Marie Messmer sued the university for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure, under Title VII.

Russell v. The Trustees of Princeton University
Lynn Russell sued the trustees of Princeton University for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure, retaliation for complaining of sex discrimination, and other claims under New Jersey state law.

Lissa Lord v. The Curators of the University of Missouri System
Lissa Lord sued the institution for sex discrimination and retaliation for complaining about discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as well as disability discrimination and retaliation for complaining about disability discrimination under Missouri state law.

David Johnson v. University of Iowa, et al.
David Johnson sued the university and its state board of regents for sex discrimination in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution, and Iowa state laws.

Paula Maggio v. Kent State University
Paula Maggio was terminated and sued the university for sex discrimination and retaliation for complaining about sex discrimination in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Janet Conney v. The Regents of the University of California et al.
Janet Conney sued the Regents of the University of California and UCLA for sexual harassment and retaliation for complaining of discrimination under California state laws and pay inequity under both the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and California state laws.

Mansourian et al. v. Regents of the University of California et al.
Female current and former students at the University of California-Davis and former members of the university’s wrestling team, sued the Regents of the University of California for sex discrimination in violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 for failing to provide them with equal athletic participation opportunities; equal athletic financial assistance opportunities; and retaliating against them for complaining about sex discrimination.

Burch, et al. v. Regents of the University of California, et al.
Michael Burch, former head wrestling coach at the University of California-Davis (UC-Davis), sued the Regents of the University of California for retaliation in violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and other federal laws.

Doe v. Notre Dame University and St. Mary’s College
Jane Doe sued both St. Mary’s and Notre Dame for sexual harassment in violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.

Howard v. Bishop State Community College, et al.
In November 2003, Kimberly Howard, a student at Bishop State Community College in Alabama, sued the college under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 for sexual harassment allegedly committed by one of her instructors.

Nail v. Southwestern Oklahoma State University, et al.
Jenifer Nail sued the university for sex discrimination in the hiring process, and retaliation for complaining of sex discrimination, in violation of Title VII and Title IX.

Lisa Simpson, et al. v. University of Colorado
Lisa Simpson sued the university under of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 for failing to remedy the sexually hostile environment on campus that led to her sexual assault and harassment by university football recruits and players.

National Wrestling Coaches Association, et al. v. United States Department of Education
The National Wrestling Coaches Association, together with the Committee to Save Bucknell Wrestling, Marquette Wrestling Club, Yale Wrestling Association, and College Sports Council, filed suit against the U.S. Department of Education alleging that the department’s interpretation of Title IX and its regulations has had a discriminatory impact on male athletes.

Patricia Jean Harris O’Connor v. The Curators of the University of Missouri System, et al.
Patricia O’Connor sued the institution for sex discrimination and retaliation for complaining about sex discrimination in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and pay inequity in violation of the Equal Pay Act.

Sonnino v. University of Kansas Hospital Authority, et al.
Roberta Sonnino sued the institution and others alleging, in part, retaliation for complaining about sex discrimination in violation of Title VII and pay inequity in violation of Title VII and the Equal Pay Act.

Lavalli v. Texas State University-San Marcos
Kari Lavalli sued the institution for sex discrimination in the terms and conditions of employment and retaliation for complaining about the sex discrimination under Texas state laws.

Washington v. Trustees of the California State University and Colleges, et al.
Pat Washington sued the university for sex and race discrimination combined in the denial of tenure, retaliation for complaining about the discrimination, and pay inequity under California state laws.

S.D. v. James Madison University
S.D., a former assistant professor in the College of Business at James Madison University (JMU), sued the university for sex discrimination in the hiring process.

Brodsky v. Kaleida Health and State University of New York at Buffalo
Linda Brodsky, a medical doctor and tenured full professor at SUNY-Buffalo, sued the university for pay inequity in violation of Title VII and the Equal Pay Act and retaliation for complaining about pay inequity in violation of Title VII.

Violand v. George Washington University
Laura Violand, Director of Medical Center Advancement at George Washington University (GWU) School of Medicine in Washington, D.C., sued GWU for pay inequity in violation of the D.C. Human Rights Law.

Roderick Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education
Roderick Jackson sued the Birmingham Board of Education under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, alleging that he was retaliated against for protesting sex discrimination against his girls’ basketball team.

Handler v. Nova Southeastern University
Robyn Handler, former head softball coach at Nova Southeastern University (NSU), sued the institution for pay inequity and retaliation.

Sokol v. St. Louis Community College
Kathy Sokol, former chairperson of the Department of Hospitality Studies/Tourism at St. Louis Community College, sued the institution for sexual harassment, sex discrimination, and retaliation.

Stepien v. Case Western Reserve University
Carol Stepien sued the university for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Ohio state laws and retaliation for complaining about sex discrimination in violation of Ohio state laws.

Zimmerman v. University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business
Katherine Zimmerman, a self-employed single parent, sued the University of California’s Haas School of Business for discrimination in the admissions process.

Lerner v. Northeastern University
Cathy Lerner filed a complaint with the Massachusetts Commission on Discrimination, and subsequently filed a lawsuit in state court in December 2000.

Ilon v. The State University of New York at Buffalo, et al.
Lynn Ilon sued the university for sex discrimination in the terms and conditions of employment in violation of New York state laws, retaliation for complaining of sex discrimination in violation of New York state laws and Title IX and pay inequity in violation of the Equal Pay Act.

Chichilnisky v. Columbia University
Graciela Chichilnisky sued the university for pay inequity, retaliation for complaining about pay inequity, and breach of settlement agreement in violation of New York state laws.

Evers et al v. University of Cincinnati
The four named plaintiffs are female, untenured professors who allege that the university engages in a pattern and practice of sex-based wage discrimination.

Whittaker v. Northern Illinois University, et al.
Susan Whittaker sued the institution for sexual harassment and retaliation for complaining about sex discrimination in violation of Title VII and Illinois state laws.

Brzonkala v. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, et al.
Christy Brzonkala sued the university for sexual harassment under Title IX. Brzonkala alleged that she was raped by two football players in her freshman year at Virginia Tech.

Mandell v. Regents of the University of California
Carol Mandell sued the university for sex, age, and national origin discrimination in violation of California state laws.

Zylbert v. Stanford University School of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center
Barbara Zylbert, a former medical student and intern/resident at Stanford University School of Medicine, sued the institution for sex discrimination, retaliation, and breach of contract.

Hegland v. Santa Clara University
Mary Hegland, an assistant professor of anthropology/sociology, sued Santa Clara University for retaliation, disability and sex discrimination.

Lioy v. Union County College
Mary Jean Lioy, a tenured associate professor in the Biology Department of Union County College (UCC), sued the college for sex discrimination and retaliation.

Miller et al. v. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Lucinda Miller sued Texas Tech for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure and retaliation for complaining about the discrimination in violation of Title VII and Texas state laws, as well as pay inequity in violation of the Equal Pay Act.

Jennings v. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Melissa Jennings sued the university alleging that the head coach of the soccer team, Anson Dorrance, sexually harassed her.

Macadaeg v. Butler University
Keri Macadaeg, the former Director of Campus Computing and User Services, is suing the university for creating hostile work environment with sexual harassment.

Mahoney v. The George Washington University
Eileen Mahoney, a former associate professor of communications at George Washington University, sued the university for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure.

Court Case: A.D. v. Stanford University
A.D., a pediatrician and lung specialist, sued Stanford University for discrimination based on national origin, race, and gender.

Glaser v. Fulton-Montgomery Community College, et al.
Marlene Glaser sued the college for sex discrimination in the denial of promotion, and retaliation for complaining about the denial of promotion, in violation of Title VII and New York state laws.

Kowal-Vern v. Loyola University at Chicago, et al.
Areta Kowal-Vern filed suit in 1998 in federal district court alleging sex discrimination, age discrimination, and retaliation.

Thomas v. University of Rhode Island
J. Thomas sued the University of Rhode Island for sexual harassment and retaliation for complaining of the harassment.

Daly v. Princeton University
Ruth Daly sued the university for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure and sexual harassment in violation of New Jersey state laws.

Vuolo v. Board of Trustees, University of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, et al.
Cheryl Vuolo sued the university alleging, in part, pay inequity in violation of the Equal Pay Act and Massachusetts state laws, and sexual harassment and retaliation for complaining about sex discrimination in violation of state laws.

Crangle v. Stanford University
Colleen Crangle sued the university alleging sex discrimination, sexual harassment through a hostile work environment, disparate treatment based on gender, and retaliation for complaining of sex discrimination.

Dace v. University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth
Letitia Dace, a professor of English at the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, sued the university for sex discrimination in promotion.

Duffy/Jackson v. California Polytechnic State University
Susan Duffy and Lorraine Jackson, both faculty members at California Polytechnic State University, sued the university alleging pay inequity, disparate treatment, and sexual harassment.

Clinger v. New Mexico Highlands University
Catherine Clinger sued the university for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, and other claims under both federal and New Mexico state laws.

Cordes v. Stevens Institute of Technology
Jennifer Cordes filed suit for sex discrimination in the denial of promotion alleging that the justification for denying her promotion was pretextual as she was at least as qualified as male faculty members who had been promoted.

Wilson v. University of California, Davis
Sharon Wilson, an African-American assistant clinical professor of medicine at the University of California, Davis, sued the university for sex and race discrimination.

Nelson v. Temple University
Traci Nelson alleged that the assistant dean sexually harassed her over a two-year period and that her grades plummeted as a result of the harassment.

Arefi v. Florida International University
Farah Arefi was denied tenure despite satisfactory performance evaluations and unanimous support from the Department of Computer Science and the Committee on Tenure and Promotion.

Fish et al. v. St. Cloud State University
Marjorie Fish, Kathleen Gill, Jill Goemer, Christine Jazwinski, and Lora Robinson were the named plaintiffs in a class action suing St. Cloud State University for pay inequity.

Travis v. Board of Regents, University of Texas System
A case in which an associate professor at the University of Texas, San Antonio, sued in federal court alleging sex discrimination in promotion, tenure, and pay.

Kern v. University of Notre Dame
Beth Kern sued the university for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and pay inequity in violation of Title VII and the Equal Pay Act of 1963.

Goltz v. University of Notre Dame
Sonia Goltz sued the university for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and pay inequity in violation of Title VII and the Equal Pay Act of 1963.

Kern v. University of Notre Dame
Beth Kern sued the university for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and pay inequity in violation of Title VII and the Equal Pay Act of 1963.

McCaffrey v. University of Wisconsin-Madison
A sister case to Arakawa v. University of Wisconsin-Madison, in which Jennifer McCaffrey sued the institution, claiming a hostile work environment, sexual harassment, and pay inequity.

Arakawa v. University of Wisconsin, Madison
A suit brought by a former graduate student who alleged that she was sexually harassed by the supervisory professor in the oncology laboratory where she worked as a research assistant.

Court Case: Gerber v. Colby College
Rebecca Gerber claimed that the college required her to bear heavier course loads than her male colleagues and rewarded her with fewer course credits.

Moore v. Regents of the University of California
A tenure discrimination lawsuit in which Julia Moore, a musicologist, charged that her credentials and letters of support were suppressed and lied about during the tenure review process.

Wilson v. Goddard College
Tiffany Wilson alleged that the 52-year-old dean, whom she viewed as a father figure, successfully pressured her into performing a variety of sex acts with him.

Reno v. University of Tennessee
A case in which a professor of architecture claimed that she was denied tenure due to gender bias, while a male professor with similar credentials was granted tenure the same year.

James v. Virginia Polytechnic Institute
A lawsuit brought by the National Women’s Law Center on behalf of 12 women student athletes alleging that they experienced discrimination in the process of seeking (and failing) to upgrade women’s club sports to varsity status.

Grudzinski v. University of California Irvine Medical Center, et al.
Christina Grudzinski claims that she was subjected to inappropriate sexual conduct, a hostile working environment, and retaliation for complaining of the sexual harassment.

Dugan v. Oregon State University
Vickie Dugan, former women’s softball coach at Oregon State University (OSU), sued the university for sex discrimination and retaliation.

Weinstock v. Columbia University
Shelley Weinstock sued Columbia for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, and New York state laws.

Hunt v. The Regents of the University of California
A suit brought by a graduate student who charged that her thesis advisor in the geology department sexually harassed her and retaliated against her for joining with other women students to file an informal grievance against him.

Weissmann v. Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University
A sex discrimination case in which a professor of nuclear medicine claimed that she was paid less than similarly situated male colleagues.

Murray v. Western Kentucky University
Anne Murray, a 30-year administrative employee, advanced to a development director’s position but found herself making less money than the lowest level male directors with similar responsibilities.

Melez v. University of California, Los Angeles
Kathleen Melez, a former assistant professor in biology, sued the University of California, Los Angeles in 1993 for wrongful termination, sex discrimination, retaliation, and defamation.

Segel v. Regents of the University of California
A case in which a biochemist with a Ph.D. claimed she had been blocked from applying for tenure-track positions on the grounds that she was not an M.D., while male Ph.D.s were given such positions.

Harrison v. University of California, Berkeley
A case in which a math professor was denied tenure and alleged sex discrimination and a biased atmosphere in the math department, where there was one tenured woman in a faculty of 75.

Crystal v. Regents of the University of Michigan
Jill Crystal sued the university’s regents for pregnancy discrimination, pay inequity and other claims in violation of Michigan state laws.

Hirschhorn v. University of Kentucky, et al.
Ricky Hirschhorn sued the university for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure and pay inequity in violation of Kentucky state laws .

Webster v. Mohawk Valley Community College
A sex discrimination suit brought by a female instructor who charged she was demoted in retaliation for her efforts to ensure enforcement of the institution’s anti-discrimination policies.

Lovell v. Regents of the University of California, et al.
Margaretta Lovell sued the Regents of the University of California for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure, retaliation for protesting alleged discriminatory practices, and other claims in violation of California state laws.

Roberts v. College of the Desert
This case of a professor who was denied promotion and other opportunities for professional advancement because of her sex involved a trial court and court of appeals ruling in favor of the plaintiff.

Haffer v. Temple University
A case filed by women students who charged discrimination in allocation of funds to the school’s athletics programs.

Swakon v. Texas A&I University
This case involving charges that a female professor was not compensated equitably for doing work equivalent to that of her male counterparts was settled in summer 1988.

Leder v. State University of New York at Buffalo
A discrimination case involving denial of promotion to associate professor with tenure of a professor in the field of women’s studies/feminist literary criticism.

Falk v. University of Judaism
Marcia Falk, former associate professor of literature and creative writing at the University of Judaism in California, sued the university for sex discrimination, retaliation for complaining about sex discrimination, and other claims under California state laws.

Maguire v. Marquette University
A case in which a woman appealed a district court dismissal of her sex discrimination lawsuit against a university that was founded by the Jesuits but which now receives public funds.

Fisher v. Vassar College
Cynthia Fisher sued the university for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure and retaliation for complaining about sex discrimination in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, pay inequity in violation of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, and age discrimination in violation of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967.

McDaniel v. Southwest Texas State University
A lawsuit based on charges that a female faculty member was paid approximately $300 less per month than similarly situated male professors.

Miller v. University of Southern California
A discrimination case filed by a tenured professor of Spanish who was denied promotion to a full professorship and claimed she suffered retaliation from university administrators after filing her suit.

Bayer v. University of Maine at Orono
A case which involved a Ph.D. candidate’s allegation that she was denied a doctoral degree because of her refusal to submit to sexual advances by male professors.

Margolis v. Williams College
Anne Margolis brought a complaint against the college, alleging sex discrimination in the denial of tenure in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Massachusetts state laws.

Austen v. University of Hawaii
Kay Austen sued the institution for sex discrimination and retaliation for complaining about sex discrimination in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Shaw v. University of California, Santa Cruz
In this case, a professor of women’s studies who charged that she was refused tenure because of her sex and academic field was awarded tenure and $156,500 in an out-of-court settlement.

Paul v. Stanford University
Diana Paul sued the institution for sex and race discrimination in the denial of tenure in violation of Title VII of the Equal Rights Act of 1964 and California state laws.

Boucher v. Fordham University
This case, in which a woman professor of theology charged that she was denied promotion to full professor because of sex bias, was settled out of court in 1983.

Lever v. Northwestern University, et al.
Janet Lever sued the university and others for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Penk, et al. v. Oregon State Board of Higher Education
Anna Penk was the lead plaintiff in a class action lawsuit against the Oregon State Board of Higher Education, in which she and 21 other named individuals sued the Board for sex discrimination in pay, promotion, and treatment in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Zahorik, et al. v. Cornell University
Donna Zahorik, Judith Long-Laws, Jacqueline Livingston, Antonia Glasse, and Charlotte Farris sued the institution for claims including sex discrimination, retaliation for complaining about sex discrimination, and pay inequity in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Fields v. Clark University
Rona Fields sued the university for sex discrimination in the denial of tenure in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Sloboda v. New York University
A sexual harassment case that focused on the unsettled, critically important question of what constitutes an appropriate, adequate, and timely response to an employee’s charge of sexual harassment.

Krause v. Marquette University Dental School
A case alleging that a part-time clinical supervisor in the dental hygiene program was discriminated against because of her sex when the university denied her request for an unpaid maternity leave.